Part.01 ring spinning

At present, the most used and most common spinning method on the market, the sliver or roving fiber is rotated through the ring of the ingot wire, the bobbin is wound faster than the wire ring, and the cotton yarn is twisted to make yarn. It is widely used in spinning engineering of various short fibers. Such as common combing, combing and blending, the wire ring is driven by the bobbin through the yarn strip around the steel collar. At the same time of twisting, the friction of the steel collar makes its speed slightly less than that of the bobbin and gets wound. The spinning speed is high, and the shape of the ring spindle yarn is a conical helix that the fibers are mostly transferred inside and outside, so that the fibers are wound and connected inside and outside the yarn. The structure of the yarn is tight, and the strength is high, which is suitable for various products such as thread making and weaving and knitting.

Ring spinning (combing) process:

Clear flower interval -- carding cotton -- pre-strip -- strip and roll -- combing -- first strip and strip -- second strip -- roving -- fine yarn -- winding

Ring spinning (general comb) process:

Clear flower between - carding cotton - first and strip - two and strip - roving - fine yarn - winding

Part.02 twistless processing

A spinning method that uses an adhesive to bind the fibers in the fiber strips together to form yarn. After the roving is drawn through the drafting device, the whisker is sent to the twisting drum, and the thin layer of adhesive from the tank is contacted on the drum. The fiber strip is transported forward by several rotating small press rollers together with the roller, and one of the small press rollers also makes axial reciprocating motion at the same time, rolling the fiber strip into a circular cross-section, and making each fiber can evenly contact the adhesive. The round fiber strips are dried by a heater, and the fibers are bonded to each other to form yarn. The spinning speed is 2~4 times larger than the conventional spinning method, and the yarn produced can be used for weaving.

Part.03 self-twist spinning

An unconventional spinning method. (Similar to siro yarn) Pull the two fiber strips through the drawing device, output them through the front roller and the twisting roller, and close them at the yarn guide hook. In addition to the rotation of the roll, and rapid axial reciprocating movement, rolling yarn, so that the yarn before and after the rolling roll to obtain the opposite direction of the twist back. After the two yarn strips are closed at the yarn guide hook, they are twisted by themselves to form a double self-twisting yarn (ST yarn) and wound into a bobbin. The shape characteristic of self-twisting yarn is that the adjacent yarn segments alternately twist back in positive and negative direction, and the alternating place is no twist back. Twist in one direction is added to the twisting machine to make twisted self-twisted yarn (STT yarn). Two groups of self-twisted yarn with a phase difference of 90° in the no-twist area are configured and combined into four strands of yarn, simply called "2ST yarn", and then low twist on the twisting machine and made into (2ST)T yarn. The double self-merging is called "(ST) 2" yarn. STM(STM)T yarn can be made accordingly when a single filament is used instead of a single yarn in self-twisting. This spinning method is specially used for multi-strand yarns, such as wool spinning or wool-like chemical fiber products. High quality self-twist yarn can be directly used for weft knitting, but the warp yarn for weaving must be twisted self-twist yarn to improve the strength.

Part.04 centrifugal spinning

The continuous spinning method with twist winding is implemented with high speed centrifugal pot (cup) and lifting yarn guide. After the drawing device, the roving yarn is continuously output by the front roller, and enters the high-speed rotating cylindrical centrifugal tank through the yarn guide hook and yarn guide tube. Under the action of centrifugal force, the yarn stick closely to the inner wall of the tank and rotates with the jar, so that the yarn strip between the lower end of the yarn guide tube and the front roller is twisted, and the horizontal yarn strip rotation speed under the yarn guide tube falls behind the centrifugal tank, resulting in winding. When the winding reaches a certain length, the front roller stops output fiber strip, the yarn guide rises and pulls out of the centrifugal tank, and the empty bobbin is rapidly lowered into the centrifugal tank. The yarn head hooks the yarn hook at the lower part of the barrel tube, so that the yarn on the yarn cake is unwound onto the bobbin. After the unwinding is completed, the full tube is removed. Compared with ring spinning, the power consumption is large, the yarn is recycled, the broken end is difficult to deal with, the yarn is rewound to the yarn tube, and the front roller needs to stop rotating, which affects the productivity. Very few people use it now.

Part.05 cap spinning

Spinning method of twisting and winding actual yarn with spindle cap and bobbin. Used in wool and linen spinning. The bell cap is fixed at the top of the spindle, and the bobbin loop is attached to the spindle. After the roving is drawn fine by the drawing device, the fiber strip is continuously output by the front roller, and is wound on the bobbin through the yarn guide hook and the lower edge of the spindle cap. When the bobbin turns, the yarn is driven to turn under the spindle cap, and the yarn is constantly twisted back. The frictional resistance of the spindle cap to the rotating yarn, causing the yarn to continuously wind on the bobbin. The bobbin goes up and down with the lifting plate according to a certain law, and the fine yarn is wound into a certain roll form. Cap spinning method has less spinning tension and fewer broken ends.

Part.06 mule spinning

The invention relates to a spinning method which periodically implements three functions of yarn drawing, twisting and winding. A work cycle is divided into four stages:

In the first stage ----, the drafting device draws the roving yarn and sends out the fiber bar, the ingot trolley moves outward from the drafting device, slightly draws the yarn bar, and the spindle turns and spins the spinning yarn;

The second stage -- twisting, drafting device and trolley stop, spindle continuous rotation, complete spinning yarn twisting;

The third stage is unwinding, the drafting device and the spindle trolley continue to be stationary, the spindle slowly turns in the opposite direction when twisting, the yarn circle is unwound from the spindle tip, the upper forming hook is lowered, the unwinding yarn circle is guided, the lower forming hook is raised, and the yarn strip is pulled tight;

The fourth stage is winding, the drafting device continues to stop, the dolly moves quickly to the drafting device, the spindle turns in the direction of twisting, and the spun yarn is rolled, the upper forming hook guides the spun yarn to wind tightly and form a certain coil, the lower forming hook pulls the yarn. Many shortcomings, intermittent work of the machine, low output, complex mechanism, large area, in addition to spinning a small number of very fine, very thick, weak twist or high uniformity requirements of the fine yarn to use this method, has been replaced by ring spinning. Some are on the machine spindle does not go, and the frame with the drafting device moves back and forth, that is, the rack type.

Part.07 open-end spinning

The new spinning method is to loosen the fiber strip into a single fiber, condense the single fiber into a free end fiber strip, and then twist into yarn. The condensed fiber strip rotates together with the yarn twisting, forming a free-end shape, because the fed fiber strip and the free-end fiber strip are broken, so it is also called "broken spinning". There are different methods of condensing single fiber into free-end fiber strips, such as air spinning or spinning cup spinning, electrostatic spinning, vortex spinning and dust cage (friction) spinning, among which air spinning is the most common application. At present, most people in free-end spinning refer to airflow spinning. Compared with conventional ring spinning, it has the following advantages: twist and winding motion are separated, the total draft on the air spinning machine is much larger than that on the ring spinning machine, and twisting can be implemented at high speed; After twisting, the yarn is directly wound into a bobbin, which has a large capacity and a simplified process. Reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve the working environment.

Part.08 rotor spinning

Also known as "spinning cup spinning". One of the most effective methods of free end spinning. The core is a spinning cup in which fiber strips are fed between the feed roller and the plate and are loosened into single fibers by a high-speed small needling roller (comb roller). The negative air pressure in the spinning cup causes the single fiber to enter the spinning cup with the filling air through the conveying pipe. Under the action of the centrifugal force of the cup rotating at high speed, the single fiber sticks to the condensation groove at the largest inner diameter of the spinning cup along the smooth inner wall to form a ring fiber strip. When producing the head and the joint, the lead yarn follows the filling air into the lead tube, and also sticks to the condensation tank due to the centrifugal action of the rotating cup, so that the yarn tail is connected with the fiber strip. When the yarn is drawn out of the spinning cup, the fiber strip leaves the condensation groove with the yarn tail, and is twisted into yarn by the spinning cup's high rotation at the same time. The twisted disc and the yarn lead are output and pulled out, and the bobbin is wound into a bobbin driven by the groove tube. Suitable for spinning short fiber dimension, medium coarse special yarn, fiber strip clean and uniform, yarn twist more, its shape is different from ring spinning, the appearance of air spinning is high twist, yarn core surrounded by a layer of low twist fiber, from the axis to the surface of the yarn, withstand the uneven distribution of tension , air spinning yarn is mostly used in the production of corduroy, denim, yarn-dyed velvet and printed velvet. Process of gas spinning:

Between clear flowers - carding cotton - first and second and second - air spinning

Part.09 electrostatic spinning

One of the methods of free end spinning. It is composed of fiber opening, conveying, electrostatic coagulation, free-end twisting, bobbin winding and other technological processes. There are two ways to loosen and transport the fibers:

(1) The roller drafting is used as the opening mechanism, and the transmission of fibers uses electrostatic field;

(2) With the needling roller as the opening mechanism, the use of air to transport cotton fiber,

The latter method is commonly used in electrostatic spinning. The cotton sliver is fed between the feeding roller and the feeding board, and is opened into a single fiber by a high-speed rotating small needle roller, and sucked into the electrostatic field composed of high voltage electrode (+), twisting device electrode (-) and sealing shell by the air flow of the cotton delivery tube. The cotton fibers are stretched, arranged and condensed into fiber strips by the action of ionization and polarization. The lead yarn is introduced by the hollow twister, and the fiber in the fiber strip is continuously twisted, and the yarn is twisted by the high-speed twisting twister, and wound into the bobbin by the groove drum winding mechanism. Cotton fiber is a poor conductor, the fiber entering the electrostatic field needs to be wet in advance, so that it has a high moisture recovery rate. The condensed fiber strip is subjected to various resistance, and the rotation is not free enough, and the twisting efficiency is low. Electrostatic spinning yarn is suitable for making quilt cloth, furniture cloth, knitted jacquard tablecloth and curtain cloth, etc. Spinning a variety of blended yarn, slub yarn and core yarn, can also be made into a unique style of fabric.

Part.10 vortex spinning

One of the methods of free end spinning. The fiber strip is fed between the feed roller and the feed plate, and is loosened into fiber by the high-speed small roller, and then enters the static eddy current twisting tube tangentially with the air flow through the conveying pipe. The lower part of the vortex twisting tube is connected with the air negative pressure source, and the nozzle is tangentially arranged with the inner wall of the twisting tube. The upward-moving vortex part of the nozzle is weakened by the negative pressure source of the lower air in the tube, so that the fibers entering the twisted tube are spirally shaped along the tube wall and condense into a rotating fiber ring in a stable vortex field. When joining, the lead yarn follows the filling air through the lead tube and is connected with the fiber ring under the action of centrifugal force. When the lead yarn is pulled from the spinning head, once the fiber ring is cut off, the cut part of the fiber strip is twisted back by the rotating fiber ring, and the channel tube drives the bobbin to wind into a bobbin. Simple mechanism and operation; High spinning speed; No fiber loss, less fly-flower; The twisting efficiency is low. Suitable for spinning chemical fiber pure spinning or blended medium weight yarn, used as pile yarn and core yarn and other good effect.

Part.11 jet spinning

An unconventional spinning method. After being drawn by jet stream, some free fibers on the fiber strip are wrapped around the fiber strip for spinning when false twisting is performed. There are two kinds of single nozzle and double nozzle, the latter spinning quality is good and stable. The fiber strip is drawn thin by the drawing device, output from the front roller, through the first nozzle, the second nozzle, the yarn guide hook, the yarn drawing roller, from the trough drum to the bobbin. The vortex rotation direction of the two nozzles is opposite, and the vortex intensity of the second nozzle is greater than that of the first nozzle, so that the twist on the yarn strip between the two nozzles can overcome the torque and resistance of the first nozzle to the yarn strip, and pass to the mouth of the front roller. The free end of the twisted fiber outside the fiber strip is affected by the first nozzle and wrapped around the fiber strip in the opposite direction. Part of the twisted core fiber is rewound through the nozzle, while the wrapped fiber becomes more and more tightly wrapped during the reverse rewinding process. Provides yarn strength and adhesion. Compared with ring spinning, it has the advantages of high yield, large packing and short process. Jet spinning speed range from 100-200 m/min, suitable for spinning support range is: 5. It's 5-3. 0 Tess. The output is 10 times of ring spinning, 2 times of air spinning, suitable for spinning all kinds of short fiber and filament core-covered yarn, processing of ply medium and long chemical fiber yarn. Japan Murata for jet spinning experts, its products are MJS,MVS, RJS. The shape of jet spinning is similar to that of air spinning, with hard feel and good hair.

Jet spinning process:

Clearing interval -- carding cotton -- pre-banding -- banding and coiling -- combing -- first banding -- second banding -- jet spinning

Part.12 friction spinning

A method of producing twist into yarn by the friction of the surface of the machine against the surface of the yarn strip. The more mature have the first dust cage spinning.

Part.13 DREF spinning

Also known as (Dreve spinning) a kind of friction spinning, mostly collectively known as friction spinning, is a free-end spinning method. Traditional spinning, ring spinning and air spinning techniques are subject to physical and mechanical limitations that affect yarn production speed, production capacity, selection of fiber raw materials and yarn construction. Dr. ERNST FEHRER began his research on DREF in the 1970s and applied for a patent in 1973. The principle is that the single fiber that is loosened by the yarn roller is blown to the surface of a rotating dust cage by the action of air flow. The distance between a pair of dust cages is very small, and the rotation speed and steering are the same. When the fiber layer rotating with the dust cage reaches the triangle area of the two dust cages, it is rolled and twisted into yarn by the surface of the two dust cages, and the yarn guide hook and drawing roller are directly wound into a bobbin by the winding mechanism. Suitable for spinning thick special yarn, can also be sandwiched long silk spinning core yarn, usually weaving thick fabric or a variety of blankets.

Part.14 Introduction to various new spinning system methods

With the continuous development of spinning technology, a variety of new spinning systems have been launched recently:

(A)RINGCAN: This system does not need the roving process of ring spinning, spinning directly from the sliver.

Principle: The parallel sliver is sent from a pair of narrow conveyor system by the barrel to the drafting area, and the strip is smooth and flat into the state, the rear draft spacing can be tighter, the maximum draft is 3.5-4, in the case of no twist, the total draft can be 3-4 times higher, and the fine combing strip will not have accidental drafting.

Principle: After the main draft, the air compression zone is added. When the thick draft is compressed, the edge fibers are also twisted into the yarn shaft, reducing hair, and the fibers are parallel to each other, resulting in strength and elongation of the yarn, and the triangle area is reduced, and the yarn twist is also improved