There are a wide variety of textile raw materials, which can usually be divided into two categories: natural fibers and chemical fibers, and each category contains a variety of fiber materials with different characteristics and uses.

2.1 Natural Fibers

Natural fiber is the original natural or artificially cultivated plants, artificially raised animals directly obtained from the textile fiber, is an important source of textile industry, mainly including cotton, hemp, silk, wool.

2.1.1 Cotton fiber

Cotton fiber is derived from cotton, which is widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions of the world, such as the United States, China and India are the main producers of cotton. Cotton fiber has many excellent characteristics, hygroscopic, can absorb the equivalent of their own weight 2-3 times the water, in a humid environment can be gradually released, wearing cotton clothing, human sweat can be quickly absorbed, so as to keep the skin dry, giving a comfortable wearing experience; Good permeability, so that air can flow freely between the fibers, help to regulate body temperature, hot weather wearing will not feel stuffy; Feel soft and comfortable, no irritation when close to the skin; It also has good heat resistance and will not be damaged at temperatures below 110 ° C. These characteristics make it widely used in the textile industry, from the daily wear of T-shirts, shirts, underwear, to bed sheets, quilt covers, and towels and other home textiles, cotton fiber can be seen everywhere.

2.1.2 Hemp fiber

Hemp fiber comes from flax, ramie, sisal and other plants, mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Its strength is high, the strength is about 4 times that of wool, 2 times that of cotton fiber, and the fabric made is more durable and not easy to damage; Excellent air permeability, wearing clothes made of hemp fiber, air can circulate quickly, take away heat, make people feel cool; Good moisture absorption, can quickly absorb human sweat and distribute, keep skin dry. But hemp fiber feel more rough, poor elasticity, easy to wrinkle. Hemp fiber is often used to make summer clothing, such as dresses, short-sleeved shirts, etc., can bring a cool and breathable wearing feeling; In terms of household goods, it can be used to make bedding, curtains, etc., its characteristics of hygroscopic, breathable and anti-mite are conducive to improving sleep quality and indoor environment comfort; In the industrial field, it is often used to make sacks, twine and so on.

2.1.3 Silk fibers

Silk fiber mainly refers to natural silk, processed by the protein fiber secreted by the silkworm, divided into mulberry silk, tussah silk and so on. The silk fiber has excellent gloss, smooth surface, and can reflect soft light, making the fabric made of it look gorgeous and noble; Feel smooth and soft, touch is very delicate, close to wear comfort; It has good moisture absorption and discharge, can absorb moisture in the air or release moisture into the air, maintain a certain humidity, summer wearing can help the skin heat dissipation, and winter has a certain warm effect; It also has good strength and elasticity, making silk products durable and not easy to deform. Because of these characteristics, silk fibers are often used in the production of high-end clothing, such as cheongsam, evening gowns, etc., showing elegant temperament; In terms of home decoration, it can be used to make bed sheets, pillowcases, curtains, etc., to improve the quality and comfort of home; In the field of crafts and jewelry, such as embroidery, scarves, etc., are also widely used.

2.1.4 Wool fibers

Wool fiber mainly comes from wool, cashmere, mohair, rabbit hair and other animal hair, with sheep wool being the most common. Wool fiber has excellent heating property, because of its special internal structure of the fiber, contains a lot of air, can effectively prevent heat loss, is the ideal material for winter clothing; Excellent elasticity, good resilience, made of clothing is not easy to deform, comfortable to wear; Strong hygroscopic, can absorb 30% of its own weight moisture without humidity, can keep dry wear; It also has certain wear resistance. However, the wool fiber is easy to be eaten by insects, poor light resistance, long-term exposure in the sun will yellow, lose luster. In the production of winter clothing, such as wool coats, cashmere sweaters, etc., wool fibers can provide warm and comfortable wearing experience; It is also commonly used to make blankets to bring warmth and comfort to the home; In the textile industry, it can also be used to produce high-quality fabrics such as wool.

2.2 Chemical Fibers

Chemical fiber is natural or synthetic polymers as raw materials, through chemical processing and mechanical processing of the fiber, can be divided into artificial fiber and synthetic fiber, with high strength, wear resistance, low density, good elasticity, no mold, not afraid of insects, easy to wash and dry advantages, but there are also poor dyeing, static electricity, light and weather resistance is poor, poor water absorption and other shortcomings.

2.2.1 Artificial fiber

Artificial fiber is the use of natural can not directly textile cellulose (such as wood, cotton short velvet), through chemical treatment and mechanical processing of the fiber. Common man-made fibers are viscose and acetate. Viscose fiber has good hygroscopic properties, comfortable to wear, soft to feel, good dyeing performance, can be dyed into a variety of bright colors, its appearance and feel similar to natural fibers, often used in making shirts, dresses, underwear and other clothing; Acetate fiber luster soft, feel smooth, with good drappability and dimensional stability, not easy to wrinkle, often used in the production of high-grade shirts, ties, gowns, etc., can also be used in the production of cigarette filters.

2.2.2 Synthetic fibers

Synthetic fiber is made of petroleum and natural gas as raw materials by spinning and post-processing of synthetic polymer compounds. Common synthetic fibers are polyester, nylon, acrylic and so on. Polyester, the scientific name is polyethylene terephthalate fiber, high strength, nearly 1 times higher than cotton, 3 times higher than wool, made of durable fabric; Good heat resistance, can be used at 70-170 ℃, is the heat resistance and thermal stability of synthetic fibers ZuiHao; The elasticity is close to wool, the crease resistance is more than other fibers, and the shape preservation is good. The wear resistance is second only to nylon fiber, ranking second in synthetic fiber. Widely used in clothing, home textiles and industrial fields, such as the production of sports clothing, curtains, sofa covers, as well as conveyor belts, tents, canvas, cables, fishing nets and so on. Polyamide fiber, the scientific name of polyamide fiber, high strength, wear resistance, good resilience, ranking first in all fibers, strength is higher than natural fibers, wear resistance is 10 times of cotton fiber, 10 times of dry viscose fiber, 20 times higher than wool; Better hygroscopic and dyeing properties than polyester, comfortable to wear; It has good resistance to decay and corrosion. It is often used in the production of outdoor clothing, mountaineering clothing, sports equipment, such as backpacks, tents, sneakers, etc., and is also used in the production of tire cord, rope and other industrial products. Acrylic fiber, the scientific name is polyacrylonitrile fiber, the appearance and feel are similar to wool, good warmth, known as "artificial wool"; Excellent light resistance, in sunlight exposure for 1 year, the strength only decreased by 20%, much better than natural fibers; High chemical stability, acid, alkali and other chemical substances have a strong resistance. It is often used to make sweaters, scarves, blankets and other warm textiles, and can also be blended with wool or other fibers to improve fabric performance.