Different spinning techniques have different effects on the physical properties and appearance of the yarn, and even the properties of the final product are not the same. At present, ring spinning, cluster spinning, cup spinning, air jet spinning and eddy spinning, five practical spinning processes, have attracted much attention of textile enterprises, which have their own unique features in terms of yield and quality, as well as in terms of yarn structure and characteristics.

Ring spun

Ring spinning is the most widely used and universal spinning method in the market. It is widely used in the spinning of various staple fibers, such as general carding, combing and blending. Ring spinning is a spinning method which combines drafting, twisting and winding simultaneously. In the drafting system, the roving is drawn to the required yarn size, and then twisted and wound to form a yarn by the collar and bead.

Due to the drafting effect, the width of the whisker in the main drafting area is several times the diameter of the spinning yarn, so each fiber is free when it reaches the front clamping line. When the fibers leave the front nipper line, they are twisted together, thus forming a spinning triangle. However, the twisting triangle prevents the edge fibers from entering the yarn completely. Some edge fibers break away from the main body to form flying flowers. More edge fibers are twisted into the yarn at one end, while the other end forms hair. These fibers not only have a negative effect on yarn properties such as uniformity and elasticity, but also have a negative effect on yarn strength. In addition, in the twist in the outside of the triangle by the fiber tension, and in the center of the fiber by the tension of the smallest, so the initial tension of these fibers into yarn is not equal, thus affecting the strength of the yarn.

The fiber in the ring spindle yarn is arranged in helix basically, so that the fiber is wound and connected inside and outside the yarn. The structure of the yarn is compact and the strength is high, so it is suitable for thread making, knitting and other products. Although the structure of ring - spun yarn is relatively compact, the surface of the yarn is relatively disordered and the finish is poor.

Gather spinning

Agglomeration spinning is a new spinning technique in which a gathering device is added in front of the draft device of the ring spinning frame. Its spinning mechanism mainly is: in front of the ring spinning frame traction device added a fibre cohesion, from the front roller drafting device jaw line migration of fibre bundle offer in a line, basically eliminated the front roller to twisting point between the yarn twist triangle, well solved the problem of yarn in traditional ring spinning key problems such as strength, hairiness and fly.

Different machine manufacturers to develop the different concentration device, but the same principle, is through agglomeration effect, make the article must be in the fiber, especially edge and the floating fiber is effectively controlled, greatly reduce the draft shall be the width of the strip, thus basically eliminated yarn twisting triangle, produce a new type of compact yarn of high quality.

The agglomeration spinning process has a finishing effect on the yarn in the agglomeration area. Due to the shrinkage and polymerization of airflow, the ends of the fibers are twisted into the yarn, resulting in the tightest yarn formation structure. The yarn has a smooth appearance, less hairiness, high yarn strength, and the twisted spiral structure of the yarn is clearly visible. Moreover, the inner and outer layer of the fiber is not as strong as that of the traditional process, so the evenness of the tight yarn is better than that of the traditional ring spindle yarn in coarse and detail index. At the same time, because the tight yarn has less hairiness, it provides better conditions for the next process, and reduces the pressure of sizing and singing. If the weft of shuttle-less loom is made of tight yarn, the resistance of filling insertion can be greatly reduced, and the loom efficiency can be improved. In addition, because the tight yarn fibers are closely arranged, and the same number of traditional yarn compared with small diameter, so with the same warp, weft woven cloth permeability is good, the cloth surface is smooth, smooth, is the ideal high-grade textile yarn.

Rotor spinning

Rotator spinning is one of the free end spinning methods. It is called rotary spinning because of the use of single fiber condensed by rotary spinning. At the beginning, the main use of airflow, also known as airflow spinning. Turbine spinning is to loose the feeding fiber strips by the rotary carding roller covered with cloth to form single fiber, which is transported to the inner wall of the turbine with high speed along with air flow. After the single fiber enters the turbine, it is first sent to the inclined plane of the inner wall of the turbine. Due to the high surface speed of the inner wall of the rotary cup, the fibers are arranged in parallel along the circumferential direction of the inner wall. Under the action of centrifugal force, the fibers slide to the condensation groove at the large diameter of the inner wall and form yarn tail in the condensation groove. At the same time, the fibers are twisted into yarn leads and directly wound into boblets.

In the twisting process, the fibers in the twisting area lack active grip and are in loose state, which leads to poor fiber straightness and low fiber transfer inside and outside. The structure of the yarn core is similar to that of ring - spun yarn, which is more compact. The outer fiber structure is loose and irregularly wound outside the yarn core. Compared with ring spun yarns, tumbler yarns have a puffier structure, poorer fiber straightenness, less fiber transfer in inner and outer layers and a different twist. As a result, the yarns have lower strength and greater elongation. But the fabric feel plump and thick, good heat retention, wear resistance, good pulp absorption and moisture absorption, high color absorption rate. Turbine spinning is suitable for many products, such as corduroy, denim, khaki, yarn-dyed velvet, printed velvet, velvet blanket, thread blanket, bath towel and decorative cloth.

Impurities are left in the condensing groove of the Turner, which will destroy the cohesion of the strips and the transmission of twist, so that the spinning yarn has periodic irregularity. The wavelength is about the circumference of the Turner, and the end will be broken in serious cases. Even if the fine dust enters the condensing tank, it will gradually accumulate into larger particles and have the same effect. Therefore, in addition to the dust-removing device of the rotary spinner itself, the dust-removing function should be strengthened in the pre-spinning process.

Air-jet spinning

Air jet spinning belongs to non-free end spinning, which is a new spinning method using high-speed rotating airflow to twist the yarn. It is represented by the MJS model made by Murata Company in Japan. The air jet spinning adopts the sliver to feed directly into the drafting device, and the sliver after the drafting enters the nozzle. The yarn is false twisted and wrapped into yarn by the high-speed rotating air flow in two opposite directions. After the yarn is drawn out, the yarn is removed by the electronic yarn cleaner and then wound on the boblet.

High speed spinning is realized by air twisting and no high speed rotating parts. Compared with ring spinning, jet spinning has less roving and winding processes, which can save about 30% of plant area. Compared with ring ingot yarn, the number of workers and machine material consumption of ten thousand ingots are greatly reduced. Air jet yarn is a type of yarn with a dual structure, one consisting of nearly parallel, untwisted core fibers and the other of wrapped fibers wrapped around the outside of the core yarn. The structure of air jet yarns is relatively fluffy, and the gap between the fibers is large. The ratio of the wrapped fibers to the core fibers is about 1∶9. The wrapped fibers exert the centripetal stress on the core fiber strip, giving the necessary cohesion force to the yarn body to withstand the external stress.

The air jet yarn has a large friction coefficient, and the yarn has directionality, so does its friction performance. Wear resistance is better than ring spindle yarn, but the feel is hard, can develop unique style of products, such as linen fabric, and crepe fabric, wool products. Air jet spinning with some additional devices can also develop some special varieties of yarn, such as fancy yarn, core yarn, mixed yarn, etc.

Vortex spinning

Eddy current spinning is a new spinning method which uses a fixed eddy current spinning tube instead of a spinning cup with high speed. The spinning principle of vortex spinning is that the fiber strip is fed into the feeding roller and loosened into a single fiber through the needle roller. The fiber strip is fed into the vortex tube at high speed through the cotton conveying pipe under the action of air flow. A swirling air flow is formed in the vortex tube. When the rotating upward airflow reaches the core tube, it meets with the fiber entered by the cotton conveying pipe to form a condensed fiber ring along the inner wall of the vortex tube, which stably revolves around the axis of the vortex tube and rotates at high speed to twist the fiber into yarn. The yarn is continuously drawn out of the guide hole and wound into a boblet by the lead roller.

The main feature of eddy spinning is the elimination of spinning parts with high speed rotation. The use of airflow twisting gets rid of the problems of rotational inertia and bearing load caused by high-speed twisting parts, as well as the problems of increased spinning tension caused by the air ring formed by spinning.

Vortex yarn is a kind of double structure yarn. The core fibers of the yarn are arranged in parallel and without twist. The end fibers are wrapped around the outside of the core fibers and twisted to form yarn by rotating air flow. However, unlike air jet yarns, swirl yarns have a large ratio of the outer covering fibers, so that the inner untwisted fibers are almost completely covered and the surface fibers are arranged more like ring spun yarns.