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What are conductive fibers?

2023-03-13 11:00:54
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What are conductive fibers


Conductive fibers are usually defined as having a resistivity of less than 107 Ω under standard conditions (temperature 20℃, relative humidity 65%). cm fiber is a general term for all or part of the fibers made of conductive or subconductive materials such as metal or conductive organic matter and antistatic agent.


The development of conductive fibers


Early conductive fibers were metal-type fibers, but due to the poor conductive flexibility and bending resistance of metals, they did not meet the relatively high mechanical property requirements of smart textiles, so they were rarely directly applied in flexible wearable smart textiles.


The discovery of conductive polymers ushered in a new era of conductive fibers. For example, the conductivity of polyacetylene (PA) was increased by 13 orders of magnitude to 103S/cm through REDOX doping of Lewis acid AsF5, which is comparable to the conductivity of copper, gold, etc.


With the development of science and technology, the excellent mechanical and electrical properties of carbon materials have been revealed in related research. In graphene, for example, the π electron is free to move, so graphene is extremely conductive.


Preparation of conductive fibers


Common methods for preparing conductive fibers include in situ preparation, surface treatment and carbon treatment.


In situ preparation methods include direct spinning, doping spinning and composite spinning. Among them, the fiber prepared by the composite spinning method not only has good mechanical and electrical properties, but also is easy to embrace with other fibers, easy to blend or interweave.


Surface treatment method refers to the preparation of conductive fibers by surface treatment of synthetic fibers, including physical dipping coating, coating, copolymerization grafting, etc., coating conductive materials or forming conductive films on the surface of the matrix.


Carbon treatment uses the current carbonization treatment technology to further treat the fiber, because the fiber main chain carbon atoms more, improve the fiber's electrical conductivity. But at the same time, the modulus is high, the toughness is lack, and the application scope is limited.


Research on the application of conductive fibers


Carbon treatment uses the current carbonization treatment technology to further treat the fiber, because the fiber main chain carbon atoms more, improve the fiber's electrical conductivity. But at the same time, the modulus is high, the toughness is lack, and the application scope is limited.


Metal material fibers. The metal itself is too hard and does not have the resilience and extensibility needed for wearable textiles. In the current research, metal materials are generally used to combine with other materials, for example, the elastic recovery of polyurethane fibers and the electrical conductivity of copper alloys are used to provide excellent stretchability and high electrical conductivity.


Conductive polymer fibers. Generally, conductive polymer and other materials are prepared by wet melt spinning composite conductive fibers. For example, composite fibers made from conductive polymer PSS and single-walled carbon nanotubes have excellent mechanical and electrical properties. With the development of conductive polymers, conductive polymers can be used alone or in combination with optical fiber sensors for temperature, pressure, and electromagnetic radiation monitoring.


Nano carbon materials. Nanocarbon materials are divided into zero-nanometer carbon spheres, fullerenes, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and two-dimensional graphene. Carbon nanotubes and graphene are commonly used as fibers. For example, the flexible conductive composite fiber prepared with SBS as the base material and multiple layers of graphene as the conductive component has higher capacitance performance, lower power loss and better flexibility. It still has more than 90% capacitance retention rate after thousands of stretching cycles.


Conductive fiber can be used in the development and integration of various sensors, capacitors, drivers and other electronic components. It should not only meet the basic stable conductivity, but also have the stretchable resilience and comfort as a flexible wearable textile material. Although various kinds of wearable flexible intelligent electronic products are still in the early stage of research and development, the integration of conductive fibers with People's Daily clothing will be a major development direction of wearable electronic devices.

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