Definition of New Fibers

New-type fiber is called new-type fiber, basically the shape of fiber, performance or other respect is different from the original traditional fiber, and to adapt to the need of production, life, the fiber that gets improvement in some respects. New fiber is the traditional fiber no longer meet the needs of people in some aspects, to solve some defects of the traditional fiber under the conditions emerged at the historic moment, it reflects people's requirements for textile materials to improve.

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Development prospect of new fiber

With the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, as well as the current situation of the development of new fiber, it is not difficult to see that the development trend of new fiber is now diversified, novel and environmentally friendly. With the improvement of people's living standard and the defects of some fibers themselves, people are not only satisfied with the fibers developed now, but also pursue diversification in fiber materials; The development of new products of various fabrics requires the emergence of new types of fibers, which requires the novelty of new fibers; Due to the great environmental problems caused by the chemical fiber production process and waste fiber, it is required that the development of new fiber should be oriented to environmental protection.

In addition, the development of new textile fibers depends on the level of polymer science, and the current development level of polymer science in China is low, which leads to the need to import many high-performance materials and high added value products. For example, the production of medical sutures and high-performance artificial blood vessels is almost blank in our country. Therefore, researchers should devote themselves to the development of various high-performance polymer materials and promote the development and application of new textile fibers.

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Development significance of new fiber

The application of new textile materials endowing the traditional textile industry with vitality, coupled with the textile mechatronics, intelligent promotion and new production technology, makes this ancient industry to be full of vitality, resplendence. Use the continuous development and new natural fiber, save energy such as oil, and reduced the pollution of the environment, natural fiber has certain affinity to the human body, some of the natural fiber, but also has health care effect and so on, as people advocate natural, return to natural, pursuit of growth, strengthen the development and use of natural fiber, make its have a broad market prospect.

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New fiber classification

The new fiber can be divided into new natural fiber, new cellulose fiber, regenerated protein fiber, water-soluble fiber, functional fiber, differential fiber, high performance fiber and high sensibility fiber.

1. New natural fibers

There are two kinds of new natural fibers: natural colored cotton and modified wool. Ordinary cotton products need to undergo chemical bleaching and dyeing process to become colorful, while textiles made of natural colored cotton can have colorful colors without chemical dyeing and finishing process. It can be said that natural colored cotton is a green product in the real sense. At present, natural colored cotton mainly has three series of colored cotton: brown, green and brown. With the increasing intensity of green textiles and consumption, there is a great hope for the use of natural colored cotton.

Modified wool is through the wool deformation treatment, so that the wool fiber diameter can be fine 0.5-1μm, the feel becomes soft, fine, moisture absorption, wear resistance, heat preservation, dyeing properties are improved, gloss becomes bright.

2. New type of cellulose fiber

The new cellulose fiber is known as the "green fiber" in the 21st century, which has the characteristics of soft feel, good drapability, mercerized luster, moisture absorption, antistatic, high wet strength. The new fiber mainly includes Lyocell, Model, Riche (Lisai), etc. The new type of cellulose fiber and other fiber blended products are expanding day by day, breaking through the pattern that viscose fiber is mainly used in carded woolens. It is applied in the development of worsted products and knitwear to improve the product grade, and is suitable for the production of women's clothing and leisure clothing.

3. Regenerated protein fiber

Regenerated protein fiber is extracted from natural animal milk or plant protein solution by spinning. Soybean protein fiber with monofilament line density is low, density is small, strong elongation is higher, acid resistance and alkaline resistance is better, soft feel, with a woollike feel, silk like soft luster, cotton fiber moisture absorption and moisture guide and wear comfort, wool warmth, but poor heat resistance, fiber itself was beige. In addition, the variety of soybean protein fiber is widely adaptable, and cotton, wool, silk, acrylic, polyester, Tencel, and so on have good blending effect. Wool type products have better styles, women's clothing fabrics have better styles, and cotton type fabrics are ideal medium thickness clothing fabrics.

Protein fiber of silkworm pupa was purified into a solution which was blended with viscose in proportion and wet spinning method was used to form protein fiber with skin core structure. The fiber has good moisture absorption, air permeability, soft feel, good drapability, but the wet strength is low, the fiber itself presents a darker yellow, which will affect the brilliance of the textile color.

The waste wool such as pig hair and wool was dissolved, purified and modified, blended with cotton pulp, wood pulp or bamboo pulp solution, and nano-sized iron dioxide was added into the spinning process to make an antibacterial regenerated protein fiber by wet spinning.

4, water-soluble fiber

Water soluble fiber is refers to the textile fiber in the fiber excessive sex of a kind of process, it is to use a certain process condition fibers can be dissolved in the water, mostly using the fiber is mainly is blended in other fiber, can make the textile yarn fabrics fluffy yarn count and make the fabric soft and light and fluffy, mainly water soluble whalen, water soluble PVA, water soluble K - Ⅱ etc., The main use of spinning process.

The advantages of water-soluble fiber spinning are: (1) low raw material cost, water soluble PVA fiber. With the spinning can be common wool spinning low line density, light and thin products; (2) high textile efficiency, the use of water-soluble fiber with spinning, spinning yarn broken end reduced, yarn strength increased, unevenness reduced, defect reduction; (3) The quality of the fabric is high. After the blending of water-soluble fiber, the smoothness, fluffiness and THV of the fabric are improved.

5. Functional fibers

Functional fibers are divided into three categories: one is the modification of conventional synthetic fibers to overcome their inherent shortcomings; The second category is for the original properties of natural fiber and chemical fiber, through chemical and physical modification means to give it heat storage, electrical conductivity, water absorption, hygroscopic, antibacterial, deodorant, fragrance, flame retardant and other additional properties, so that it is more suitable for people to wear comfortable and decorative applications; The third type has special functions, such as high strength, high modulus, heat resistance, flame retardant high-performance fiber. It mainly includes organic conductive fiber, elastic fiber, anti-ultraviolet fiber, anti-bacterial and anti-odor fiber, anionic fiber, chitin fiber, high hygroscopic fiber, etc. High functional fiber is mainly used in production and life, and its functions are particularly outstanding in these aspects.

6. Differential fibers

Refers to different from the general performance of the chemical fiber, that is, through the use of chemical or physical means, its structure, morphology and other characteristics of the change, so as to have a certain or a variety of special functions of the chemical fiber. Mainly including cationic high shrinkage fiber, fiber, two-component low melting point fiber, composite superfine fiber, high wet wet absorption, pilling resistance, colored fiber, optical fiber, activated carbon fibers, ion exchange fiber, superfine fiber sheet, nanofibers and high flame retardant, resistance to drop, high wet, antistatic, conductive, anti-bacterial and odor-proofing, radiation protection multifunctional composite fiber, etc.

7. High performance fiber

High performance fiber is a special fiber with mechanical properties and strength of 18cN/dtex and initial modulus of 441cN/dtex. The main varieties of organic fiber para aramid, aromatic polyester, ultra high molecular weight of high strength polyethylene fiber and so on. The inorganic fiber is mainly carbon fiber. High performance fiber has good tensile performance, shear performance, fatigue resistance, good thermal insulation and heat dissipation performance. Different high-performance fibers focus on different properties.

8. High perceptual fiber

High perceptual fiber refers to a type of high-functional fiber that has special contributions to the feel, style, touch, texture and appearance of the finished product of textiles, making the final product have a unique style, or better than natural fiber, or achieve special functions in terms of wearability. Is the "new synthetic fiber", "super simulation fiber", "super natural fiber" as well as a variety of subsequent new type of taking the general name of fiber, also known as the new sensibility fiber.

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Development trend of new fiber

At present, under the influence of the global sustainable development strategy, many countries are committed to the research of the new fiber which does not affect the ecological environment and can use the ecological resources. It is suggested that the new fiber material must pass toxicology test, have corresponding mark, and meet the requirements of environmental protection, ecology and human health. The new type of textile materials has become the development direction of worldwide concern. Using green raw materials to develop ecological fiber, using biological technology to develop biodegradable fiber, choosing resource-saving and recyclable fiber raw materials has become the trend of the development of new textile materials.

Using green raw materials to develop new fiber has become the main way to obtain new textile materials and the focus of research and development. From bananas, wheat, soybeans, corn, milk, shrimp, crabs, wood, insects and spiders have all become sources of new fibrous materials. Today's green raw materials include raw natural materials, refinements based on natural materials and reprocessed products from original fibers.

Recycling material is the use of raw materials and energy in continuous recycling to get reasonable use, saving ecological resources. Modern textile materials can be recycled, recycled, sustainable development, therefore, the development and utilization of recycling materials should be the future trend of the development of new materials. Natural fiber material is a huge renewable biopolymer resource on the earth. As a resource recycling material "from nature to nature", it has an irreplaceable development advantage.

As a traditional textile material, the raw materials of man-made fiber materials are mostly natural and renewable non-petroleum resources, which meet the needs of sustainable development. Synthetic fibers are mostly petroleum compounds, and petroleum is a native resource, and conventional synthetic fibers are non-renewable and non-degradable. At present, how to recycle synthetic fiber is the focus of ecological materials research, and it is also the most active waste treatment method to control environmental pollution, save resources and energy, and promote the recycling use of synthetic materials. Chemical recirculation systems with recycled polymers, fibers and monomers have been developed. Returning to nature and adapting to environment is the general development trend of textile materials.

The development of ecological textile materials provides a guarantee for the protection of the living environment and the realization of the sustainable development of the textile industry, which meets the requirements of the green and environmental protection era in the 21st century. With the civilization and progress of the society, the textile industry in the future will be a green ecological industry.